Welcome to the lab

Functional Vision Lab

We study how visual mechanisms develop during early childhood and how those trajectories shape learning, reading, and broader neurodevelopment.

Our work connects controlled psychophysics with large-scale school studies so that foundational vision science can inform more equitable screening, assessment, and intervention tools.

Functional visionCore mechanisms, early representation, attention, and temporal encoding.
NeurodiversityHeterogeneity-focused studies across diverse school populations.
TranslationPrecision screening and intervention design for real-world impact.
Join the lab

We're building work that matters.

The lab welcomes thoughtful, cross-disciplinary researchers interested in children's development, equitable science, and translational impact.

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Become a MemberPhD, postdoc, intern, or thesis student pathways.
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Join as a ParticipantParticipate in our research studies.
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Lab ExpectationsWhat we value and how we work together.
What we do

From basic visual mechanisms to practical early screening.

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Development of functional vision

We examine how crowding, attention, temporal encoding, and early visual representation emerge and interact through childhood.

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Early vision to later cognition

We investigate how visual encoding and neurodevelopment relate to reading outcomes and learning trajectories.

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Equitable screening tools

We design accessible, gamified assessments that can scale across languages, settings, and socioeconomic contexts.

Vision

Understand vision, neurodevelopment, and learning together.

The lab's scientific aim is to connect rigorous basic vision research with real-world understanding of developmental diversity and early support needs.

Mission
Inclusive scienceResearch in large and demographically diverse populations.
Applied impactEvidence that can inform screening, support, and intervention design.
Global relevanceTools and findings that work across varied educational contexts.
Lab Updates

News, opportunities, and insights from the lab

Stay connected with our latest work, publications, and openings.

People

The people behind the work

Great science grows through collaboration, complementary expertise, and thoughtful mentorship.

Principal investigator & team

Leadership with scientific and translational focus.

Great science comes from diverse perspectives. Meet everyone who makes the lab's work possible.

Maha Ramamurthy
Principal Investigator

Maha Ramamurthy

Dr. Ramamurthy is a developmental cognitive neuroscientist and vision scientist interested in understanding how children see, learn, and develop. Her research combines optometry, psychophysics, and cognitive neuroscience to explore how functional vision influences cognitive skills such as reading, particularly in neurodiverse populations.

Outside the lab, she's happiest creatingโ€”whether that's trying out a new recipe, exploring hidden trails, or putting thoughts into words. She enjoys discovering local experiences, believes every journey should include good food, and considers vada pav, chai, and monsoon rain the perfect way to end any day.

Chirantani
PhD Student

Chirantani

In the lab

Chirantana is a PhD student in IIT Madras. She is investigating how neurodiverse adults learn language, adapt to unfamiliar tasks, and develop unique cognitive strategies. Whether it's language, people, or places, she's always curious about how we adapt, learn, and make sense of the world around us.

Beyond the lab

๐ŸŽจ Crafting creative things | ๐ŸŒฎ Hunting for local food gems | ๐ŸŒ Always planning the next adventure

Dipti
Summer Intern

Dipti

In the lab

Recovering software engineer, current AI/ML researcher in healthcare. Somewhere between writing code, wrangling clinical datasets, and building research platforms, I've developed a habit of asking, "Can we automate this?" and then spending the next week actually doing it.

Beyond the lab

๐Ÿงถ Knitting | ๐ŸŽง Random playlists | ๐ŸŒฅ๏ธ Zoning out (debugging in my head) | ๐Ÿ’ฌ Certified yapper

Navv
Summer Intern

Navv

In the lab

Finding patterns everywhereโ€”from psychophysics data and visual perception to novels, city cafรฉs, and half-finished canvases. If there's a puzzle to solve or a story to uncover, I'm probably already intrigued.

Beyond the lab

๐ŸŽจ Painting | โœ๏ธ Sketching | ๐Ÿ“– Reading | โ˜• Cafรฉ hopping | ๐Ÿ–‹๏ธ Writing poetry

Tishya
Summer Intern

Tishya

In the lab

Exploring how neurodevelopmental assessments and interventions can be made more engaging, accessible, and impactful. She's excited to bridge theory and practice while contributing to research that can make a real difference in people's lives.

Beyond the lab

๐Ÿธ Badminton | ๐ŸŽต Indie folk music

Kairavi
Thesis Student

Kairavi

In the lab

Following the breadcrumbs of language through the human mind. From syntax and sentence processing to the ways language interacts with memory and attention, Kairavi is interested in understanding how we make sense of the worldโ€”one sentence at a time.

Beyond the lab

โ˜• Coffee enthusiast | ๐ŸŽถ Live music appreciator | ๐Ÿงฌ Evolution thought-experiment enjoyer

Mansie
Thesis Student

Mansie

In the lab

Exploring attention, perception, and visual search to understand what makes certain things stand out and how our brains decide what's worth noticing. The irony isn't lost on herโ€”she studies attention while occasionally getting distracted by her own thoughts.

Beyond the lab

๐Ÿ’ญ Professional daydreamer | ๐Ÿ“– Curiosity-driven rabbit-hole explorer | ๐Ÿ‘€ Observing everything (except sometimes the obvious)

Vandya
Thesis Student

Vandya

In the lab

Exploring how cognitive abilities develop as children grow, especially the wonderfully elusive phenomenon of attention. Equal parts developmental cognition and existential debates about what attention even is, she's always up for asking big questionsโ€”preferably with a good novel or a violin nearby.

Beyond the lab

๐Ÿ“– Fiction enthusiast | ๐ŸŽป Amateur violinist | ๐ŸŽถ Collecting favorite tunes one note at a time

Atlas
Independent Study

Atlas

In the lab

Exploring how neurodiverse individuals make decisions and process information during cognitive tasks. By combining behavioral experiments with drift diffusion modeling, Atlas looks beyond accuracy scores to understand the hidden cognitive processes driving performance in visual perception and attention tasks.

Beyond the lab

๐Ÿ–Œ๏ธ Trying out different art mediums | โœ๏ธ Sketching ideas onto paper | ๐Ÿง Baking with a side of recipe experimentation

Research

Understanding how children see, learn, and develop

Our research bridges psychophysics, cognitive neuroscience, and education to build tools that work for the full diversity of children.

Our Approach

How we study visual development

We investigate how children see, attend, and process visual information โ€” and how these abilities shape learning and reading. Our work combines controlled psychophysical experiments with large-scale school studies to uncover the mechanisms that support (or hinder) early development.

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How does spatial attention guide visual processing?

We study how children use attention to extract information from cluttered visual environments.

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What links vision to reading?

We ask how visual encoding and attention relate to reading outcomes in diverse populations.

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Why do some children struggle while others thrive?

We use advanced methods to identify hidden subgroups and tailor interventions.

Methods
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PsychophysicsPrecise behavioral measurements
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Computational ModelingDrift diffusion, latent profile analysis
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School-Based StudiesLarge-scale, diverse populations
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Neurocognitive MeasuresEye-tracking, behavioral tasks
Research Figures

Key findings from our studies

Explore visual summaries of our experimental results.

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Publications

Read in detail

Peer-reviewed publications from the lab, with full access to each paper.

The link between vision and reading: A language-agnostic window into heterogeneity in early reading development.

2025
Mahalakshmi Ramamurthy, Klint Kanopka, Julian M Siebert, Lucy Yan, Carrie Townley-Flores, Mรณnica Zegers, Francesca Pei, Phaedra Bell, Hugh Catts, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Jason Yeatman
Journal of Educational Psychology (in press)

Children with dyslexia show no deficit in exogenous spatial attention but show differences in visual encoding

2024
Mahalakshmi Ramamurthy, Alex L White, Jason D Yeatman
Journal of Vision, 24(10), 1-18

Design and validation of a rapid visual processing measure for screening reading difficulties in early childhood

2024
Mahalakshmi Ramamurthy, Klint Kanopka, Adam Richie-Halford, Benjamin Domingue, Francesca Pei, Phaedra Bell, Lucy Yan, Andrea Hartsough, Gorno Luisa, Jason Yeatman
Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-15
๐Ÿ”— View all publications on Google Scholar โ†’
Teaching

Teaching and mentoring

Teaching and mentorship are central to how the lab works. Below is Maha's teaching philosophy and journey, shaped by work across India, Canada and the US.

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Teaching philosophy

Maha's teaching began right after her optometry degree in India, teaching neuroanatomy and physiology to pre-med and optometry students. At the University of Waterloo she tutored physiological optics and colour perception, and built a set of demonstrations to help students grasp concepts in perception and optics. The through-line across these experiences has been designing active learning that reaches students from very different starting points.

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Responsive curriculum design

Teaching full undergraduate courses at UMass Boston, where many students were first-generation or returning after a break, required rebuilding the syllabus around example-building and demonstrations. Assignments asked students to generate their own examples for each concept; pre- and post-class quizzes surfaced where reinforcement was needed; informal conversations before class served as ongoing check-ins. This kept the curriculum responsive to where each student actually was.

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Adapting across contexts

These experiences taught her to read a classroom's starting point and reshape teaching accordingly. She carries the same approach into graduate mentoring and into the teaching she does at IIT Gandhinagar today.

Mentoring

Structured support and guidance

Mentorship initiative Structured support and guidance
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Purpose

  • Accessible mentorship.
  • Personalized academic and career guidance.
  • A supportive space to explore opportunities.

In practice

Programs, links, community initiatives, and writing can all be placed into cleaner linked modules rather than dense inline blocks.

Join the Lab

Join as a Member

We welcome researchers at all career stages who share our passion for understanding functional vision, neurodevelopment, and learning.

For Members

How to join the lab as a member

We welcome researchers at all career stages who share our passion for understanding functional vision, neurodevelopment, and learning.

๐Ÿ“ข Current Openings

OPENING 1

Behavioral Assessment building & School-Based Research

Deadline: September 7, 2026

We are seeking a highly motivated researcher to investigate the relationship between visual processing and reading development in neurodiverse populations.

Apply Now โ†’
OPENING 2

Postdoctoral Researcher - EEG & Multimodal Neuroscience

Deadline: September 7, 2026

We are looking for a postdoctoral researcher with expertise in machine learning and computer vision to develop novel computational models of visual perception.

Apply Now โ†’
OPEN

Internships 2026 - Visual Psychophysics

Undergraduate summer internship opportunity focused on designing and implementing behavioral experiments in visual psychophysics.

Apply Now โ†’
OPEN

Volunteering - Visual Psychophysics

We welcome volunteers from relevant backgrounds, and responsibilities will be assigned based on each applicant's qualifications, interests, and prior experience.

Apply Now โ†’

๐ŸŽ“ PhD Students

Prospective PhD students should apply through the university's graduate program. We encourage you to reach out before applying to discuss potential research directions.

Current PhD openings: 2 positions available for Fall 2026

๐Ÿ”ฌ Postdoctoral Researchers

We welcome applications from postdoctoral researchers with relevant experience. Please send your CV, research statement, and contact information for references.

Current Postdoc openings: 1 position available (immediate start)

โ˜€๏ธ Summer Interns

Short-term research opportunities for undergraduates and early graduate students. Applications are typically reviewed in early spring.

Current Intern openings: 3 positions available for Summer 2026

๐Ÿ“š Thesis Students

For students interested in completing their bachelor's or master's thesis with the lab, please reach out with your research interests and timeline.

Current thesis openings: Accepting inquiries year-round

๐Ÿ“ง Ready to apply? Contact us at functionalvisionlab@gmail.com with your CV and a brief statement of interest.

Join the Lab

Participate

Your participation helps us understand how visual mechanisms develop and how they relate to learning and reading outcomes.

For Participants

Join our research as a participant

Your participation helps us understand how visual mechanisms develop and how they relate to learning and reading outcomes.

๐Ÿ‘ถ Who can participate?

We conduct studies with children and adults across different age groups and neurodevelopmental backgrounds. All participants must meet specific inclusion criteria for each study.

๐Ÿงช What does participation involve?

Studies typically involve visual tasks, reading assessments, and computer-based activities. Sessions are designed to be engaging and age-appropriate.

โฐ Time commitment

Most studies require 1-2 sessions lasting approximately 1-2 hours. Some studies may involve multiple sessions spread over weeks or months.

๐Ÿ“ Location

Studies are conducted at our lab facilities. We also conduct remote studies that can be completed from home.

๐Ÿค Interested in participating? Sign up to be notified about upcoming studies or learn more about our current research opportunities.

Get in touch โ†’
Join the Lab

Lab Expectations

What we value and how we work together as a research community.

Lab Expectations

What we value and how we work

Our lab culture is built on collaboration, curiosity, and commitment to rigorous, equitable science.

Last updated: July 2026

1. Lab Vision and Research Goals

The Functional Vision Lab exists to understand how the visual mechanisms underlying learning and cognition develop in early childhood, and to turn that understanding into screening and intervention tools that work for the full diversity of children โ€” across languages, scripts, and socioeconomic contexts. India gives us a rare scientific opportunity: a vast, multilingual population with enormous variation in educational environments. We take that opportunity seriously, and we take the responsibility that comes with it โ€” to children, to schools, and to each other โ€” just as seriously.

Beyond the science, my goal is to train the next generation of rigorous, ethical, and independent researchers. Whatever your role in the lab โ€” Master's student, RA, volunteer, PhD student, or postdoc โ€” you are here to learn, contribute, and grow, and I am here to support that.

A few things I care about deeply, and hope you will too:

  • Open, reproducible science. Code and data are shared within the lab. We aim to publish code and data alongside manuscripts and to preprint our work where possible.
  • Rigor over speed. We are working with children and with a system (Indian schools, families, and communities) that has trusted us with access. That trust is earned through careful, honest science โ€” not by cutting corners to hit a deadline.
  • Genuine collaboration. Different people bring different skills โ€” psychophysics, coding, fieldwork, working with schools and families. We win by teaching each other, not by hoarding expertise.
  • Open disagreement. You will not always agree with me or with each other, and that's fine โ€” I want to hear it. Good science depends on people feeling safe enough to push back.

โ€” Maha

2. Code of Conduct

To do good science together, we need clear expectations for how we treat each other. These are non-negotiable.

Essential policies

The lab does not tolerate harassment, discrimination, or misconduct of any kind โ€” this includes conduct related to race, caste, religion, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, disability, region, or language. This applies to every member of the lab regardless of role, seniority, or how long they've been here.

  • Discrimination and casteism. India's academic spaces carry their own history of caste-, region-, and language-based exclusion alongside more familiar forms of discrimination. We take all of these seriously. Slurs, jokes, exclusionary behaviour, or differential treatment on any of these grounds will not be tolerated.
  • Sexual harassment. IIT Gandhinagar has a statutory Internal Complaints Committee (ICC), constituted under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013. Complaints can be raised confidentially to any ICC member. Details: iitgn.ac.in/icc.
  • Ragging and bullying. IIT Gandhinagar's Honour Code explicitly prohibits ragging, bullying, and physical, verbal, or emotional abuse, including online harassment. See iitgn.ac.in/students/honourcode.
  • Scientific misconduct. Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism will not be tolerated, nor will research practices that risk the wellbeing of our participants.

3. Lab Culture

Confidentiality

Personal matters shared with the lab or with me are confidential unless you explicitly say otherwise. Don't share someone else's sensitive information without their consent.

Shared spaces

  • Check before scheduling a meeting or bringing a guest into shared space.
  • Use headphones for music; step out for long calls.
  • Respect others' need for quiet, cleanliness, and focus time.
  • If you're unwell, work from home if you can.

4. Working With Children and Schools

  • Consent and assent. No child participates without documented parental/guardian consent and age-appropriate child assent.
  • Child protection. All lab members working directly with children must be briefed on our child-safety protocols before their first session.
  • Data privacy. Data from children is de-identified as early in the pipeline as possible and handled with extra care.
  • School and community relationships. We are guests in the schools and communities we work with. Be professional, punctual, and respectful.

5. Practicalities

  • Work hours. Academic hours are flexible, but we expect meaningful overlap with core hours (roughly 10amโ€“6pm).
  • Leave and vacation. Discuss planned leave with me in advance (about 2 weeks' notice where possible).
  • Health and family leave. You're entitled to medical leave, and the reason is yours to keep private if you wish.
  • Communication. WhatsApp and email are our main channels.
  • Coding and open science. Everyone working in the lab is expected to build basic coding fluency and to keep code and data organised.

6. Role-Related Responsibilities

a. Principal Investigator

  • Timely, substantive feedback on your project ideas, analyses, code, manuscripts, and talks.
  • Regular meetings, and availability by email/WhatsApp between them.
  • Active support for your next step โ€” introductions, letters of recommendation.
  • Your wellbeing comes first, ahead of any deadline.

b. Everyone

  • Teamwork. Ask for help when you need it; give it when you can.
  • Lab meetings. Present your work at least once or twice a year.
  • Reading and discussion. Stay current with the literature relevant to your project.

7. Mentorship

Mentorship goes both ways. Mentors owe their mentees clear expectations, regular check-ins, and honest, constructive feedback. Mentees owe their mentors clarity about what they need and realistic effort on agreed tasks.

For prospective volunteers, interns, or RAs reaching out to join the lab: I read every inquiry, and where I don't have capacity myself, I'll try to connect you with someone in the lab who does.

8. Authorship

  • Basis for authorship. Would this project be where it is without this person's contribution? This can be intellectual, methodological, or technical.
  • When it's discussed. Authorship and author order are revisited as the team and contributions evolve, and explicitly discussed before submission.
  • Order. First author = led the project; senior/last author = PI; middle authors ordered by contribution.
  • Documentation. The project lead should keep a simple running note of who did what.

9. Where to Go When Issues Arise

  • Lab level. Start with me if you can. If the issue involves me, talk to a senior lab member.
  • Institute level. Academic grievances: Ombudsman โ€” iitgnombudsman@iitgn.ac.in. Sexual harassment: ICC โ€” iitgn.ac.in/icc.
  • Wellbeing. IIT Gandhinagar's counselling and wellness services are available to all students and staff.

This document is a living one and will be revised as the lab grows. If something here doesn't match your experience, tell me โ€” that's exactly the kind of feedback that makes it better.

Contact

Start a conversation

We'd love to hear from you โ€” whether you're a researcher, educator, clinician, or someone interested in our work.

Get in touch

Let's connect

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Location
IIT Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Google Scholar
View publications โ†’
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Graduate studyQuestions about research training or doctoral work.
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CollaborationMethods, schools, and interdisciplinary research.
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School partnershipsField studies and implementation contexts.
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Clinical partnershipsValidation, referrals, and translational collaboration.

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